Compare Niue (2003) - Czech Republic (2008)

Compare Niue (2003) z Czech Republic (2008)

	Niue (2003)	Czech Republic (2008)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	13 regions (kraje, singular - kraj) and 1 capital city* (hlavni mesto); Jihocesky Kraj, Jihomoravsky Kraj, Karlovarsky Kraj, Kralovehradecky Kraj, Liberecky Kraj, Moravskoslezsky Kraj, Olomoucky Kraj, Pardubicky Kraj, Plzensky Kraj, Praha (Prague)*, Stredocesky Kraj, Ustecky Kraj, Vysocina, Zlinsky Kraj
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 14.1% (male 738,391/female 698,999) 15-64 years: 71.2% (male 3,657,877/female 3,627,493) 65 years and over: 14.7% (male 588,531/female 917,453) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry
Airports	1 (2002)	122 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 45 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 18 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 77 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 50 (2007)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 78,866 sq km land: 77,276 sq km water: 1,590 sq km
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2002), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, the new country's leaders were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). After World War II, a truncated Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist party rule and create "socialism with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	8.96 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA	revenues: $69.49 billion expenditures: $75.8 billion (2007 est.)
Capital	Alofi	name: Prague geographic coordinates: 50 05 N, 14 28 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Coastline	64 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	ratified 16 December 1992, effective 1 January 1993
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czech Republic local long form: Ceska Republika local short form: Cesko
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	10.64 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	$61.74 billion (30 June 2007)
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Richard W. GRABER embassy: Trziste 15, 11801 Prague 1 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [420] 257 022 000 FAX: [420] 257 022 809
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	chief of mission: Ambassador Petr KOLAR chancery: 3900 Spring of Freedom Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 274-9100 FAX: [1] (202) 966-8540 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international	none	in 2006, Austrian public protests for the Czech Republic to close the Temelin nuclear power plant resulted in an Austrian parliamentary motion threatening international legal action
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	$278.7 million in available EU structural adjustment and cohesion funds (2004)
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	The Czech Republic is one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. Growth in 2000-07 was supported by exports to the EU, primarily to Germany, and a strong recovery of foreign and domestic investment. Domestic demand is playing an ever more important role in underpinning growth as the availability of credit cards and mortgages increases. The current account deficit has declined to around 3.3% of GDP as demand for automotive and other products from the Czech Republic remains strong in the European Union. Rising inflation from higher food and energy prices are a risk to balanced economic growth. Significant increases in social spending in the run-up to June 2006 elections prevented, the government from meeting its goal of reducing its budget deficit to 3% of GDP in 2007. Negotiations on pension and additional healthcare reforms are continuing without clear prospects for agreement and implementation. Intensified restructuring among large enterprises, improvements in the financial sector, and effective use of available EU funds should strengthen output growth. The pro-business Civic Democratic Party-led government approved reforms in 2007 designed to cut spending on some social welfare benefits and reform the tax system with the aim of eventually reducing the budget deficit to 2.3% of GDP by 2010. Parliamentary approval for any additional reforms could prove difficult, however, because of the parliament's even split. The government withdrew a 2010 target date for euro adoption and instead aims to meet the eurozone criteria around 2012.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	59.72 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	24.99 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	12.35 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	77.38 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: Elbe River 115 m highest point: Snezka 1,602 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health risks; acid rain damaging forests; efforts to bring industry up to EU code should improve domestic pollution
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4% (2001 census)
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.162 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8629 (1998)	koruny per US dollar - 20.53 (2007), 22.596 (2006), 23.957 (2005), 25.7 (2004), 28.209 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: President Vaclav KLAUS (since 7 March 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Mirek TOPOLANEK (since 9 January 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers Petr NECAS (since 9 January 2007), Martin BURSIK (since 9 January 2007), and Alexandr VONDRA (since 9 January 2007) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by Parliament for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); last successful election held 15 February 2008 (after earlier elections held 8 and 9 February 2008 were inconclusive; next election to be held in February 2013); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Vaclav KLAUS reelected president on 15 February 2008; Vaclav KLAUS 141 votes, Jan SVEJNAR 111 votes (third round; combined votes of both chambers of parliament)
Exports	NA (2001)	20,930 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	machinery and transport equipment 52%, chemicals 5%, raw materials and fuel 9% (2003)
Exports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	Germany 32%, Slovakia 8.5%, Poland 5.7%, France 5.5%, Austria 5.1%, UK 4.8%, Italy 4.6% (2006)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	calendar year
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side note: identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 55%	agriculture: 2.4% industry: 39.7% services: 57.9% (2007 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	5.7% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	49 45 N, 15 30 E
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	landlocked; strategically located astride some of oldest and most significant land routes in Europe; Moravian Gate is a traditional military corridor between the North European Plain and the Danube in central Europe
Heliports	-	1 (2007)
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 4.3% highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)
Illicit drugs	-	transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy
Imports	NA (2001)	203,700 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003)
Imports - partners	NZ mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	Germany 32.5%, Netherlands 6.8%, Slovakia 6.2%, Poland 6.1%, Russia 5.7%, Austria 5%, Italy 4.4%, France 4.3% (2006)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	9% (2007 est.)
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments
Infant mortality rate	total: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	total: 3.86 deaths/1,000 live births male: 4.21 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	2.6% (2007 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, ESCAP (associate), FAO, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	ACCT (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	240 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Supreme Court; Constitutional Court; chairman and deputy chairmen are appointed by the president for a 10-year term
Labor force	NA	5.35 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	agriculture: 4.1% industry: 37.6% services: 58.3% (2003)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 2,290.2 km border countries: Austria 466.3 km, Germany 810.3 km, Poland 761.8 km, Slovakia 251.8 km
Land use	arable land: 19.23% permanent crops: 7.69% other: 73.08% (1998 est.)	arable land: 38.82% permanent crops: 3% other: 58.18% (2005)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8% (2001 census)
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	civil law system based on Austro-Hungarian codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; legal code modified to bring it in line with Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) obligations and to expunge Marxist-Leninist legal theory
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held in March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	bicameral Parliament or Parlament consists of the Senate or Senat (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies or Poslanecka Snemovna (200 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held in two rounds 20-21 and 27-28 October 2006 (next to be held in October 2008); Chamber of Deputies - last held 2-3 June 2006 (next to be held by June 2010) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - ODS 41, CSSD 12, KDU-CSL 11, others 15, independents 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - ODS 35.4%, CSSD 32.3%, KSCM 12.8%, KDU-CSL 7.2%, Greens 6.3%, other 6%; seats by party - ODS 81, CSSD 74, KSCM 26, KDU-CSL 13, Greens 6; note - seats by party as of December 2007 - ODS 81, CSSD 72, KSCM 26, KDU-CSL 13, Greens 6, unaffiliated 2 (former CSSD members)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.)	total population: 76.42 years male: 73.14 years female: 79.88 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: NA total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	Central Europe, southeast of Germany
Map references	Oceania	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	registered in other countries: 1 (St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	-
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	Army of the Czech Republic (ACR): Joint Forces Command (includes Army and Air Forces), Support and Training Forces Command (2007)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.46% (2007 est.)
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Czech Founding Day, 28 October (1918)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Czech(s) adjective: Czech
Natural hazards	typhoons	flooding
Natural resources	fish, arable land	hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	Association of Independent Candidates-European Democrats or SNK-ED [Helmut DOHNALEK]; Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jiri CUNEK]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK]; Union of Freedom-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan CERNY]; Green Party [Martin BURSIK]; Independent Democrats (NEZDEM) [Vladimir ZELEZNY]; Party of Open Society (SOS) [Pavel NOVACEK]; Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Milan STECH]
Population	2,145 (July 2003 est.)	10,228,744 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.01% (2003 est.)	-0.071% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)
Railways	0 km	total: 9,597 km standard gauge: 9,597 km 1.435-m gauge (3,041 km electrified) (2006)
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	NA (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.056 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.008 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.641 male(s)/female total population: 0.951 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: NA	general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and there are now about 120 mobile telephones per 100 persons domestic: 93% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar (2007)
Telephones - main lines in use	376 (1991)	3,217,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1991)	12.15 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	150 (plus 1,434 repeaters) (2000)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.22 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	6.6% (2007 est.)
Waterways	none	664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2006)

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